1218=37 a foot not in history the
king of boheimia, france and Hungary was an italian
confimed through
genetics to 1231
A
relative in Anjou FRANCE
Što radimo u životu odzvanja u vječnosti
Amit ebben az életben teszünk, az
visszhangzik az örökkévalóságban
Was wir im Leben tun Echos in der Ewigkeit
Ce que nous faisons dans la vie résonne
dans l'éternité
Lo que hacemos en vida se refleja en la
eternidad
To, co děláme v životě se ozývá ve
věčnosti
Jelena Šubić died c 1378 was a Croatian Kneginja
The castle was first mentioned in the 13th century as
a fortress ruled by the Babonić clan. Between 1328 and
1347, it was possessed by the members of Iločki
family. In 1347, King Louis I the Great bestowed the
fortress to the noble Šubić family who then changed
their family name after it, becoming the Zrinski. It
remained in their possession until the Ottoman
invasion and conquest of the region, which led to the
fortress falling to them on 20 October 1577. It wasn't
until 1718 that the castle was retaken from the
Ottomans.
The castle was first mentioned in the 13th century as
a fortress ruled by the Babonićclan. Between 1328 and
1347, it was possessed by the members of Iločki
family. In 1347, King Louis I the Great bestowed the
fortress to the noble Šubić family who then changed
their family name after it, becoming the Zrinski. It
remained in their possession until the Ottoman
invasion and conquest of the region, which led to the
fortress falling to them on 20 October 1577. It wasn't
until 1718 that the castle was retaken from the
Ottomans.
Among the many notable personalities of the family,
there were a few women. Katarina Zrinska (1625–1673),
a noted poet, was born in the Frankopan family, and,
having married Petar Zrinski, became the member of the
Zrinskis. Her daughter, Jelena Zrinska, was the wife
of Francis I. Rákóczi, the prince of Transylvania.
Brebiri III. Mladen
Egy majdnem Zrínyi ős nyomában
Nikola Šubić Zrinski
– chorwacki Leonidas, Szigetvár
Nikola Šubić Zrinski Ivana
pl. Zajca, u aranžmanu Tomislava Uhlika
The History of Medieval Armor
The term "Medieval" Generally signifies the ten
century period spanning the 5th through 16th
centuries. And for the most part this is what this
look at medieval armor will focus on. But, in order to
understand how armor developed over these centuries I
will also give you some background information on
armor as it leads up to that period.
Factors of Medieval Armor development
Armor changed,
evolved and improved over the medieval period and
there are a few factors that had a tremendous impact
on this evolution.
The
development of different types, and more effective
weapons: Weapons such as swords, spears, daggers
and polearms all changed over the centuries, in
part to achieve effectiveness against armor. The
longbow and crossbow were very effective against
varying armor types and new armor had to be
developed to counter these weapons. This changing
and evolving between weapons and armor were what
could be called an arms race - weapons would
improve then armor would improve then weapons had
to improve and so on.
Developments in metal working skills - as we moved
out of the bronze age and into the iron age the
new ways of working with metals made stronger
armor and gave armies technologies to make more
effective armor.
Changing
philosophies and cultures - these things also had
a big impact on how armor changed.
Gunpowder
eventually put an end to armor.
Armor before
the Medieval Period
There are two
major lines of armor that lead up to the armor in
Europe through the Medieval Period. The first line is
the classical line that came out of the Mycenaean
(Alexander the Great), Greek and Roman traditions. The
major materials that armor was made from included
Bronze and Iron.
The second
line came out of the Celtic and Teutonic people. This
is called the Barbarian armor line. The armor made in
this line was predominantly leather and mail.
The dominance
of Chainmail through most of the medieval period
Ring
Mail armor Out of all the various armor types chain
mail (also known as ring mail) was the most successful
and it lasted the longest. Earliest versions of this
type of armor date back to the first century and this
mail was in use in different variations all the way
through the medieval period and beyond to the 17 th
century. It was called chain mail or ring mail because
it was made of a series of small rings that were
interlocked together. This means of assembly was very
effective against slicing and stabbing weapons and
normal arrows. It was also very complex to make and a
chainmail chest piece (often called a hauberk) could
be composed of thousands of these little rings.(The
picture shows a knight in complete chainmail with a
surcoat over it)
Chain
Mail - It was in use in various forms throughout the
whole medieval period in a variety of capacities. For
many centuries is was very effective. But the brunt of
its effectiveness was against slashing weapons. The
rings that composed the mail were effective at
defeating slashing weapons but were not effective
against the brunt force blow of weapons such as
hammers and maces.
Want to watch
a video on how to make chainmail? I have one on my
youtube channel here. How to Make Chainmail?
Over the
centuries of the medieval period this deficiency was
minimized by added a variety of other materials either
under or over the chain mail hauberk. These could be a
leather jerkin or padded gambeson under the mail or a
coat or plates and a surcoat over the mail. This could
get very cumbersome and while adding extra layers of
padding and protection could reduce concussive damage
it still didn't keep pace with the development of
weapons.
In the 13 th
century the mail become less and less effective,
particularly because of the use of crossbows and
better weapons. Armorers moved in the direction of
adding various pieces of plate either under the mail
or over the mail. These were just parts like chest
plates or elbow guards. This was a move toward plate
armor.
A development
in armor was the coat of plates which lasted roughly
through the 14th century.
After 1350 the
use of solid breastplates came into more use. They
were typically made of a solid plate in the front and
a solid plate in the back called a backplate. Iron
breastplates appeared as early as 1190.
The Transition
to Plate Mail
Mail armor
with some plate pieces. The most important development
after the common use of the breastplate was the
addition of more plate armor on various body parts.
These included vambraces over the arms, greaves for
the lower legs and various other partial plates for
shoulders, elbows and knees. (Drawing shows this
transition with full mail armor and the addition of
some plate armor on arms and legs)
Eventually
these all evolved into the complete set of plate armor
that we think of when we think of a knight in armor.
In this armor every part of a knight's body was
covered with plate armor. And these developments of
additional protection also had sub developments. A
good example of this is the demi-greaves which covered
only the front part of the lower leg. These developed
into closed greaves which went all the way around the
lower leg.
The 15 th
Century as the zenith of Platemail suits of Armor
Plate armor
The 15th century was the pinnacle of medieval armor
and it all revolved around the knights complete set of
plate armor. In the beginning of the century the art
and craft of making complete plate armor sets
developed into two different schools: The Italian and
the German. Toward the end of the 15th century and
beginning of the 16th century these two schools
diverged into what is considered to be the pinnacle of
armor making: The Maximilian.
It is during
this century that armor also morphed into three
different types of armors - Field armor (for Battle) ,
Ceremonial armor (for ceremonies and good looks) and
jousting armor for the knightly competitions. Each
type of armor was specifically designed for its use.
Battle armor was designed for maximum mobility with
optimal protection, ceremonial armor was made to look
great and to impress. It was often detailed with gold
and silver. And Jousting armor was designed for the
specific requirements of the joust which might include
an overly large and strong pauldron to deflect an
enemy's lance or special braces to support the weight
of one's own lance.
Medieval
Helmets - Helmets also underwent many changes during
the medieval period and a lot of this was influenced
by the ability to work with metal and better
understanding of what protected better in combat.
Early helmets
were typically flat and they developed toward more
round and curved in shape because a curved shape would
deflect a blow rather than take the full brunt. And in
the latest periods the helmets were multiple pieces
riveted together and had moving parts like a visor.
Shields -
These also changed as other components of armor and
weapons changed. In the early centuries of the
medieval period they were large and round. As the
centuries progressed the got smaller and triangular in
shape. I have more information about medieval shields
and how they developed and changed here: The Medieval
Shield
Metal Working
skills throughout the medieval period
The early
armor was made with leather, iron, bronze or other
hard materials. Steel was developed but only saw
limited use because it was difficult to make and
tended to be brittle. In the later centuries
techniques were developed so plates of armor had
carbon added to just the outer surfaces of them. This
created a very hard outer surface yet with the softer
inner surface of iron there was still some
flexibility.
History of
Medieval Armor Timeline
Up to 5th
century: Two varying armor types:
Barbarian
armor which was mostly leather and chainmail;
and classical
armor which was brass and iron
From 5th
through the 14 th Chainmail was standard and still
lasted in part until the 17th
12th century:
various materials were added to supplement the
chainmail
chest piece including the gambeson
13th/14th
century: the strength and protection of the chainmail
was enhanced
by the
addition of various plates. The coat of plates was
regularly used.
14th century:
The plate chest armor was expanded upon by applying
plate
to other
parts of the body like greaves for the legs and
vambraces for the arms.
15th century:
The height of Plate mail armor sets with two different
schools:
the Italian
and the german.
15th century:
Plate armor came in three different types by function:
Battle armor,
ceremonial armor and tournament armor. Each was
specifically designed for its purpose.
end of 15th
century: The two schools of armor making merged into
what some
consider to
be the pinnacle of armor set styles: The Maximillian.
below is the royal information
but this is what people will see the wwII site here is
the first picture
them it will continue
Here at the beginning all this stuff here
belongs to the Royal family information and below there's World
War II stories and information which I have been trying to
organize from the other pages is much as possible to make your
life easier Andras
Almost confirmed back to the 11th century
Originally the name had a letter with 2 dots above it
(
) for Germany and Bohemia but then later after the
fall of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the
had to be changed to "e"
so now the new Family original name is Pletl
battle_of_bosworth_brandon
1454 Jews are expelled from
Brunn Moravia by order of King Ladislaus also related
to us, and was also the King of Hungary and Bohemia
now genetically proven 2017
If you really want the proof, it is in the states in the New
Library.
on a personal note: what was wrong with all of us then
and what has changed? I have traveled though Europe in 2012 -
2018 and the mentality of the people. The primitive
mentality of "screw whi who you can" still prevail. It makes
me sick. In fact the more I find out about my family, the
sicker I get, and the more I want to know, like if there was any
good in my family.
Bohemia, Austria, Coatia, Hungary and perhaps , more.
Some things I can find out for sure, and other things, are lost in
the corridors of time
Our Family comes
originally from Bohemia, then they swept across
Germany in the 15th century in the form of Royalty,
Princess, Princes' Lords and even an Archbishop of
Bruno now in Czechoslovakia which was in the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
1646
Hans Plätl
Von Lichtenberg
was his name.
of the Lichtenberg
clan. That is not him below.
"Royalty is not divine - if
your actions are honorable, then you will be royal no
matter what cloth you were cut from."
While Louis VIII only briefly reigned as
king of France, he was an active leader prior to accession. During
theFirst
Barons' Warof 1215–17 againstKing
John of England, his military prowess earned him the epithetthe
Lion. After his victory at theSiege
of Roche-au-Moinein 1214, he invaded southernEnglandand
was proclaimed "King
of England" by rebellious barons inLondonon
the 2 June 1216. He was never crowned as king of England, however,
and renounced his claim after being excommunicated and repelled.[1][2][3][4] In
1217, Louis started the conquest ofGuyenne,
leaving only a small region aroundBordeauxtoHenry
III of England.
Louis's short reign was marked by an
intervention using royal forces into theAlbigensian
Crusadein southern France that decisively moved
the conflict towards a conclusion. He was the first Capetian king
to grantappanagesto
his younger sons on a large scale.[5] He
died in 1226 and was succeeded by his sonLouis
IX.
In summer 1195, a marriage between Louis
andEleanor
of Brittany, niece ofRichard
I of England, was suggested for an alliance between Philip II
and Richard, but it failed. It is said that the Holy Roman EmperorHenry
VIopposed the marriage, and that its failure was
a sign that Richard would name his brotherJohnas
heir to the English throne instead of Eleanor's younger brotherArthur
of Brittany, whom Richard had designated earlier as heir
presumptive. This led to a sudden deterioration in relations
between Richard and Philip.[6]
On 23 May 1200, at the age of 12, Louis was married toBlanche
of Castile, daughter of KingAlfonso
VIII of CastileandEleanor
of England, the sister of King Richard I and King John of
England. The marriage could only be concluded after prolonged
negotiations between King Philip II of France and Blanche's uncle
John.
In 1214, King John of England began his
final campaign to reclaim theDuchy
of Normandyfrom Philip II. John was optimistic,
as he had successfully built up alliances with Holy Roman EmperorOtto
IV, CountRenaud
of Boulogneand CountFerdinand
of Flanders.[7] John's
plan was to split Philip's forces by pushing north-east fromPoitoutowards
Paris, while Otto, Renaud and Ferdinand, supported by theEarl
of Salisbury, marched south-west from Flanders.[8] Whereas
Philip II took personal command of the northern front against the
emperor and his allies, he gave his son Louis the command of the
front against the Plantagenet possessions in middle France. The
first part of the campaign went well for the English, with John
outmanoeuvring the forces under the command of Prince Louis and
retaking the county ofAnjouby
the end of June.[9][10] John
besieged the castle ofRoche-au-Moine,
a key stronghold, forcing Louis to give battle against John's
larger army.[11] The
local Angevin nobles refused to advance with the king; left at
something of a disadvantage, John retreated back toLa
Rochelle.[12] Shortly
afterwards, Philip won the hard-foughtBattle
of Bouvinesin the north against Otto and John's
other allies, bringing an end to John's hopes of retaking
Normandy.[13]
Pretender to the English throne
Louis VIII(5
September 1187 – 8 November 1226), calledthe
Lion(French:le
Lion),
wasKing
of Francefrom
1223 to 1226. From 1216 to 1217, he also claimed to beKing
of England.
I found references in Wikipedia
pertaining to a prince and 12 steam to 1217 and somehow
it's connected to both the list and birds and the Subic's.
As I found a reference to a princess of the list and birds
marrying or being associated somehow still not sure with
the Prince of France in Anjou. I had the information in my
hand I thought that I save the link but I did not and
after hours of trying to search for it again I can't seem
to find it but it's there the link is there so one day
when I have some time and I have a lot of patience I will
go back and look at it or look for but I am no historian.
I will have to find it historian and have them shed a
light on this because it there's a definite connection but
I still have not investigated exactly how the connection
occurred only that the Prince was claiming to be the ruler
of Hungary and of France and of other countries as well
but was not acknowledged as the ruler of Hungary somehow
and I was reading about it he was running apparently three
or four countries but again did not save the link
unfortunately and so it's there on Wikipedia somewhere I
will keep digging to find it because it sure is
interesting I know that Anjou is mentioned in our family
library now originally we can only confirm our family back
to 1411 and this would take us back 1231 thereabouts so
another 200 years back is certainly a bonus but it will
have to be confirmed and I need a historian to look into
it in more detail for now I leave this is a bookmark to
come back to it one day
I found references in
Wikipedia pertaining to a prince and 12 steam to 1217 and
somehow it's connected to both the list and birds and the
Subic's. As I found a reference to a princess of the list
and birds marrying or being associated somehow still not
sure with the Prince of France in Anjou. I had the
information in my hand I thought that I save the link but
I did not and after hours of trying to search for it again
I can't seem to find it but it's there the link is there
so one day when I have some time and I have a lot of
patience I will go back and look at it or look for but I
am no historian. I will have to find it historian and have
them shed a light on this because it there's a definite
connection but I still have not investigated exactly how
the connection occurred only that the Prince was claiming
to be the ruler of Hungary and of France and of other
countries as well but was not acknowledged as the ruler of
Hungary somehow and I was reading about it he was running
apparently three or four countries but again did not save
the link unfortunately and so it's there on Wikipedia
somewhere I will keep digging to find it because it sure
is interesting I know that Anjou is mentioned in our
family library now originally we can only confirm our
family back to 1411 and this would take us back 1231
thereabouts so another 200 years back is certainly a bonus
but it will have to be confirmed and I need a historian to
look into it in more detail for now I leave this is a
bookmark to come back to it one day
Litchenberg of Lightenberg
but I will investigate it myself because I am not familiar
with these crests.
Fictional portrait of Louis
VIII. From a series of medals issued by Louis XVIII
(19th century)
In 1215, the English barons rebelled against the unpopular King
John in theFirst
Barons' War. The barons offered the throne to Prince Louis,
who landed unopposed on theIsle
of Thanetin eastern Kent, England, at the head
of an army on 21 May 1216. There was little resistance when the
prince entered London, and he was proclaimed King Louis I of
England atOld
St Paul's Cathedralwith great pomp and
celebration in the presence of all of London. Even though he was
not crowned, many nobles, as well as KingAlexander
II of Scotlandon behalf of his English
possessions, gathered to give homage.
On 14 June 1216, Louis capturedWinchesterand
soon controlled over half of the English kingdom.[14] But
just when it seemed that England was his, King John's death in
October 1216 caused many of the rebellious barons to desert Louis
in favour of John's nine-year-old son,Henry
III.
With theEarl
of Pembrokeacting asregent,
a call for the English "to defend our land" against the French led
to a reversal of fortunes on the battlefield. After his army was
beaten at theBattle
of Lincolnon 20 May 1217 and his naval forces
were defeated at theBattle
of Sandwichon 24 August 1217, Louis was forced
to make peace on English terms. In 1216 and 1217, Prince Louis
also tried to conquerDover
Castle, but without success.
The principal provisions of theTreaty
of Lambethwere an amnesty for English rebels, a
pledge from Louis not to attack England again, and 10,000 marks to
be given to Louis. In return for this payment, Louis agreed he had
never been the legitimate king of England.
Louis VIII succeeded his father on 14 July 1223; his coronation
took place on 6 August of the same year in thecathedralatReims.
As King, he continued to seek revenge on theAngevins,
seizingPoitouandSaintongefrom
them.
On 1 November 1223, he issued an ordinance that prohibited his
officials from recording debts owed toJews,
thus reversing the policies set by his father Philip II Augustus.Usury(lending
money with interest) was illegal for Christians to practise;
according to Church law it was seen as a vice in which people
profited from others' misfortune (like gambling) and was
punishable byexcommunication,
a severe punishment. Since Jews were not Christian, they could not
be excommunicated and thus fell into a legal grey area that
secular rulers would sometimes exploit by allowing (or requesting)
Jews to provide usury services, often for personal gain to the
secular ruler and to the discontent of the Church. Louis VIII's
prohibition was one attempt at resolving this legal problem, which
was a constant source offriction
in Church and Statecourts.
Twenty-six barons accepted, butTheobald
IV(1201–53), the powerfulCountofChampagne,
did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed
him extra income through taxation. Theobald IV would become a
major opposition force to Capetian dominance, and his hostility
was manifest during the reign of Louis VIII. For example, during
the siege of Avignon, he performed only the minimum service of 40
days and left for home amid charges of treachery.
The Albigensian Crusade and Conquest of Languedoc[edit]
TheAlbigensian
Crusadehad begun in 1209, ostensibly against theCatharheretics
of southern France andLanguedocin
particular, though it soon became a contest between lords of
northern France and those of Occitania in the south. The first
phase from 1209 to 1215 was quite successful for the northern
forces, but this was followed by a series of local rebellions from
1215 to 1225 that undid many of these earlier gains. There
followed the seizure ofAvignonandLanguedoc.
In 1225, the council ofBourgesexcommunicated
theCount
of Toulouse,Raymond
VII, and declared a renewed crusade against the southern
barons. Louis happily renewed the conflict in order to enforce his
royal rights.Roger
Bernard the Great,Count
of Foix, tried to keep the peace, but the king rejected his
embassy and the counts of Foix and Toulouse took up arms against
him. The king was largely successful, takingAvignonafter
a three-month siege, but he did not complete the conquest before
his death.
While returning to Paris, King Louis VIII became ill withdysentery,
and died on 8 November 1226 in theChâteau
de Montpensier, Auvergne.
TheSaint
Denis Basilica, just to the north of Paris, houses the tomb of
Louis VIII. His son,Louis
IX(1226–70), succeeded him on the throne. Queen
Blanche concluded the crusade in the south in 1229.
After Ladislaus's birth, his mother seized theHoly
Crown of Hungaryand had Ladislaus – known asLadislaus
Vin Hungary – crowned king inSzékesfehérváron
15 May 1440. However, theDiet
of Hungarydeclared Ladislaus's coronation invalid and elected
Vladislaus king. A civil war broke out which lasted for years.
Elizabeth appointed her late husband's distant cousin,Frederick
III,King
of the Romans, Ladislaus' guardian. Ladislaus lived in
Frederick's court (mainly inWiener
Neustadt), where Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (the futurePope
Pius II) wrote a treatise of his education.
After his mother died in late 1442, Ladislaus' interests were
represented by aCzechcondottiere,John
Jiskra of Brandýs, in Hungary, and by the Czech Catholic lord,Ulrich
II of Rosenberg, in Bohemia. Ladislaus' rival in Hungary,
Vladislaus, fell in theBattle
of Varnain November 1444. The next year, the
Diet of Hungary offered to acknowledge Ladislaus as king if
Frederick III renounced his guardianship. After Frederick III
rejected the offer, the Diet of Hungary electedJohn
Hunyadiregent in 1446. In Bohemia, the head of
the moderate Hussites (orUtraquists),George
of Poděbrady, took control ofPraguein
1448. The Estates of Austria forced Frederick III to resign the
guardianship and hand over Ladislaus to them in September 1452.
Royal administration was formally restored in Hungary after
Hunyadi resigned the regency in early 1453, but he continued to
control most royal castles and revenues.
Ulrich II, Count of Celje(his
mother's cousin) became Ladislaus' main advisor, but an Austrian
baron,Ulrich
Eytzinger, forced Ladislaus to expel Celje from his court.
Although Ladislaus was crowned king of Bohemia on 28 October 1453,
Poděbrady remained in full control of the government. During the
following years, Eytzinger, Hunyadi and Poděbrady closely
cooperated to mutually secure their positions. Ladislaus was
reconciled with Ulrich II in early 1455. With the support of the
leading Hungarian barons, Ladislaus persuaded Hunyadi to withdraw
his troops from most royal castles and renounce the administration
of part of the royal revenues.
After theOttoman
SultanMehmed
IIdecided to invade Hungary, Ladislaus and
Ulrich II left the kingdom. The sultanlaid
siege to Belgrade. Hunyadi relieved the fortress on 22 July
1456, but he died two weeks later. Ladislaus and Ulrich II
returned to Hungary and tried to force Hunyadi's son,Ladislaus,
to renounce all royal castles and revenues, but Ladislaus Hunyadi
murdered Ulrich II on 9 November, forcing Ladislaus to grant an
amnesty to him. However, most Hungarian barons were hostile
towards Ladislaus Hunyadi. With their support, Ladislaus captured
him and his brother,Matthias.
After Ladislaus Hunyadi was executed in March 1457, his relatives
stirred up a rebellion against Ladislaus, forcing him to flee from
Hungary. Ladislaus died unexpectedly in Prague. He was the last
male member of theAlbertinian
Lineof theHouse
of Habsburg.
Albert was planning to launch a military expedition against theOttoman
Turks, who had been making plundering raids in the southern
regions of Hungary, but fell seriously ill during the
preparations.[8][9] The
dying king, who knew that his wife was pregnant, willed Austria,
Bohemia and Hungary to his posthumous child if his wife gave birth
to a son.[1] He
also put his infant heir under the guardianship of his widow and
his cousin,Frederick
of Habsburg.[1][9] Albert
died on 27 October 1439.[8][9]
Fearing a new Ottoman invasion of Hungary, the majority of the
Hungarian lords and prelates refused to accept the deceased king's
last will.[10][11] They
offered the crown to Vladislaus III of Poland and wanted to
persuade the pregnantqueen
dowagerto marry the new king.[10][11] In
Bohemia, the assembly of the Estates passed decrees in January
1440 to avoid having a new civil war break out between the
Hussites and the Catholics before a new king was elected.[12] The
Estates of Moravia passed a similar decree.[12]
Although the 31-year-old Elizabeth seemingly agreed to marry
Vladislaus, who was only 16, she made preparations for the
coronation of her son after her physicians predicted that she
would give birth to a son.[13] She
ordered her chambermaid,Helene
Kottanner, to steal theHoly
Crown of Hungaryfrom the castle ofVisegrád.[14][15] Before
long, Helene Kottanner and her accomplice seized the crown.[14] They
handed it to the queen on the very day she went intolabour,
which was considered a miracle by both the queen and her
courtiers.[14] Elizabeth
gave birth to Ladislaus inKomárom(now
Komárno inSlovakia)
on 21 February 1440, almost four months after his father's death.[16][2] He
was named for KingSt
Ladislaus.[14]Dénes
Szécsi,Archbishop
of Esztergom, baptised him.[14]
Inheritance and civil war in Hungary (1440–1442)[edit]
The Estates of theDuchy
of Austriaacknowledged Ladislaus' right to rule
and made Frederick of Habsburg, who had been electedKing
of the Romans, regent in accordance with the last will of
Ladislaus' father.[9][17] In
Bohemia, only the Catholic lords, who were under the leadership ofUlrich
II of Rosenberg,[12] were
willing to accept Ladislaus' hereditary right to rule.[17] Soon
after the birth of her son, Queen Elizabeth sent envoys to Poland
to persuade the delegates of the Hungarian Estates to break off
their negotiations with Vladislaus III of Poland.[17] However,
the Hungarian lords refused and elected Vladislaus king on 8 March
1440.[6][18] Before
his election, Vladislaus had pledged that he would marry Queen
Elizabeth and protect her infant son's interests in Austria and
Bohemia.[6]
The queen refused to give her consent to the project and
decided to have her son crowned king before Vladislaus came to
Hungary.[19] She
hastily took Ladislaus from Komárom toSzékesfehérvár,
which was the traditional place of theroyal
coronations in Hungary.[19] After
a young lord,Nicholas
Újlaki, symbolically knighted the infant Ladislaus, Archbishop
Dénes Szécsianointedand
crowned him king on 15 May.[19] During
the lengthy ceremonies, his mother's cousin,Ulrich
II, Count of Celje, held the crown over the head of Ladislaus
who burst into tears while the coronation oath was being read out
on his behalf.[19] Six
days later Vladislaus III enteredBuda.[20] Queen
Elizabeth fled first toGyőr,
and from there toSopron,
taking the infant king with her.[21]
The most powerful lords – includingLadislaus
Garai,Đurađ
Branković,Frederick
IIand Ulrich II of Celje – and most towns
remained faithful to the child-king, but most noblemen preferred
Vladislaus' rule in the hope that he would be able to lead the
defence of the kingdom against the Ottomans.[22][23] A
civil war broke out between the partisans of the two kings which
would last for years.[20] TheDietdeclared
Ladislaus' coronation invalid on 29 June 1440, stating that "the
crowning of kings is always dependent on the will of the kingdom's
inhabitants, in whose consent both the effectiveness and the force
of the crown reside".[10][23] On
17 July, Archbishop Dénes Szécsi crowned Vladislaus king with a
crown taken from the tomb ofKing
Saint Stephen, the first king of Hungary.[10][18]
In need of financial resources to
continue the war against Vladislaus, Queen Elizabeth signed a
treaty with Frederick III, King of the Romans, inWiener
Neustadton 22 November.[24][20] She
not only mortgaged Sopron to Frederick III, but also appointed him
as her son's guardian and gave the Holy Crown of Hungary to him.[25] Thereafter
Ladislaus lived in Frederick III's court, mainly in Wiener
Neustatdt.[2]
Queen Elizabeth hired a Czechcondottiere,John
Jiskra of Brandýs, who took control ofKassa(now
Košice in Slovakia) and a dozen other towns inUpper
Hungaryduring the next months.[24][26] However,
Vladislaus' two military commanders, Nicholas Újlaki andJohn
Hunyadi, defeated the united army of the child Ladislaus's
supporters from the central and southern parts of Hungary in theBattle
of Bátaszékin early 1441.[20][27][24] During
the next months, Vladislaus and his commanders took control of the
western and eastern territories of Hungary, but Jiskra and Queen
Elizabeth's other supporters continued to control Upper Hungary,
along withEsztergom,
Győr,Pressburg(now
Bratislava in Slovakia) and other important towns.[28] Negotiations
began and Queen Elizabeth and Vladislaus signed a peace treaty in
Győr on 13 December 1442.[29][30] The
queen recognized Vladislaus as king, but preserved her son's claim
to the throne.[29][30] Three
or four days later the queen suddenly died and Ladislaus became an
orphan before his third birthday.[17][29][31]
After the death of Ladislaus' mother, his claim to rule in
Hungary and Bohemia was primarily protected by Jan Jiskra and
Ulrich of Rosenberg, respectively.[17] Most
parts of Hungary remained under the rule of Ladislaus's rival,
Vladislaus.[17] In
Bohemia, themoderate
Hussitelord,Hynce
Ptáček of Pirkstein, administered the eastern territories, and
the towns dominated by the radicalTaboriteswere
united in a league.[12] The
HussiteCtibor
Tovačovský of Cimburk, who had assumed the title governor
after Albert's death, continued to administer Moravia, closely
cooperating with the towns and the CatholicBishop
of Olomouc.[12]Philip
the Good,Duke
of Burgundy, whom Elizabeth of Goerlitz made her heir, invaded
Luxemburg on her behalf in 1443.[5]Frederick
III authorized the Estates of Luxemburg to pay homage to Philip
the Good, but he also stipulated that Ladislaus could buy back the
duchy after Elizabeth of Goerlitz's death.[5] During
Ladislaus's lifetime, the Luxembourgeoise Estates did not
recognize Philip the Good as their legitimate sovereign.[32]
The seal ofJohn
Hunyadiwith the
inscription Ioanis
de Huniad, Gubernatoris Regni Hungarie ("John Hunyadi,
Governor of the Kingdom
of Hungary")
Ladislaus' rival, Vladislaus, died
fighting against the Ottomans in theBattle
of Varnaon 10 November 1444.[33][34] At
the Diet of next year, the Hungarian Estates agreed that they
would acknowledge the child Ladislaus as king if Vladislaus, whose
fate was still uncertain, did not come back to Hungary before 1
June 1445.[35] However,
they stipulated that they would elect a new king if the child
king's guardian, Frederick III, did not release both the king and
the Holy Crown of Hungary.[36] The
Estates also elected seven "Captains
in Chief" – John Hunyadi, Nicholas Újlaki,George
Rozgonyi,Emeric
Bebek,Michael
Ország, Pancrace Szentmiklósi, and Jan Jiskra – to administer
the kingdom.[37][38] Frederick
III stormed into Hungary, and captured a dozen fortresses along
the western frontiers of Hungary, includingKőszeg,
by the end of July.[37][38] The
Counts of Celje, who were related to Ladislaus through his mother,
invadedSlavoniaand
took control of the province before the end of the year.[37][39] As
Frederick III refused to release Ladislaus, the Diet of Hungary
elected John Hunyadi regent for the period of Ladislaus' minority
on 6 June 1446.[38] John
Hunyadi, who adopted the title governor, ruled most part of
Hungary, but could not expand his authority over the regions under
the rule of Frederick III, Jan Jiskra and the Counts of Celje.[36] The
envoys of the Hungarian Estates and Frederick III signed a truce
on 1 June 1446, which confirmed Frederick III's guardianship over
Ladislaus.[40]
In Bohemia,George
of Poděbradytook up the leadership of the
moderate Hussite lords after the death of Hynce Ptáček.[12] He
captured Prague on 3 September 1448 and imprisonedMeinhard
of Neuhauswho had started negotiations of the
moderate Hussites' union with the Catholic Church.[12][41] Early
the next year, Ulrich of Rosenberg and other Catholic lords
entered into a formal league against Poděbrady.[12]
Ladislaus had a good education in Frederick III's court.[17] A
Latin grammar was completed especially for him.[2]Aeneas
Silvius Piccolomini(the future Pope Pius II)
summarized his advice on education in a letter that he addressed
to the ten-year-old Ladislaus in 1450.[17][42] Piccolomini
suggested that Ladislaus should read both classical authors
(includingArchimedes,Cicero,LivyandVergil)
and the Bible.[17][42] He
also emphasized the importance ofphysical
training, stating that "both mind andbody
...must be developed side by side".[17][42]
As regards a boy's physical training,
we must bear in mind that we aim at implanting habits which
will prove beneficial through life. So let him cultivate a
certain hardness which rejects excess of sleep and idleness in
all its forms. Habits of indulgence – such as the luxury of
soft beds, or the wearing of silk instead of linen next the
skin – tend to enervate both body andmind.
...Childish habits of playing with the
lips and features should be early controlled. A boy should be
taught to hold his head erect, to look straight and fearlessly
before him and to bear himself with dignity whether walking,
standing, orsitting.
...Every youth destined to exalted
position should further be trained in military exercises. It
will be your destiny to defend Christendom against the Turk.
It will thus be an essential part of Your education that you
be early taught the use of thebow,
of thesling,
and of thespear;
that you drive, ride, leap and swine. These are honourable
accomplishments in everyone, and therefore not unworthy of the
educator'scare.
...Games, too, should be encouraged for
young children – the ball, the hoop – but these must not be
rough and coarse, but have in them an element ofskill.
...In respect of eating and drinking the
rule of moderation consists in rejecting everything which
needlessly taxes digestion and so impairs mental activity. At
the same time fastidiousness must not be humoured. A boy, for
instance, whose lot it may be to face life in the camp, or in
the forest, should so discipline his appetite that he may eat
even beef. The aim of eating is to strengthen the frame; so
let vigorous health reject cakes or sweets, elaborate dishes
of small birds oreels,
which are for the delicate and the weakly. ... As regards the
use of wine, remember that we drink to quench thirst, and that
the limit of moderation is reached when the edge of the
intellect is dulled. A boy should be brought up to avoid wine;
for he possesses a store of natural moisture in the blood and
so rarely experiences thirst.
Vladislaus II, also known as Vladislav II, Władysław II or
Wladislas II (1 March 1456 – 13 March 1516; Czech:
Vladislav Jagellonský; Hungarian: II. Ulászló; Polish:
Władysław
Ladislaus VI, King of Hungary and Bohemia, 1490.
Ladislaus VI, King of Hungary and Bohemia, 1490. After Tertii,
Austriacae Gentis Imaginum. Illustration for Iconographie Général
et Méthodique du Costume du IV au XIX siècle by Raphael Jacquemin
(Paris, 1869). Engraved by Delatre.
Alternative Titles:László
Postumus, Ladislas Posthumus, Ladislav Pohrobek
Ladislas V,
bynameLadislas Posthumus,HungarianLászló
Postumus,CzechLadislav
Pohrobek, (born Feb. 22, 1440,Komárom,
Hung. [now Komarno, Slovakia]—died Nov. 23, 1457,Prague,
Bohemia [now in Czech Republic]), boykingofHungaryand
of Bohemia (from 1453), who was caught up in the feud
between his guardianUlrich,
count of Cilli, and theHunyadi
family of Hungary.
Ladislas was the posthumous only son of the Habsburg
German kingAlbert
II, who had also been king of Hungary and Bohemia. The
estates of Hungary had already selected Władysław III of
Poland to be their king asUlászló
I, but Ladislas’ mother Elizabeth compelled the
primate to crown Ladislas king atSzékesfehérváron
May 15, 1440. She then placed him under the guardianship
of his cousin, who was later to become Holy Roman emperorFrederick
III. The estates, however, issued a charter declaring
Ladislas’ coronation null and void.
After Władysław died (1444), Ladislas was elected king
of Hungary, but Frederick continued to act as guardian of
both Ladislas and the crown until 1452. The child was
later transferred to the guardianship of Ulrich, an enemy
ofJános
Hunyadi, who earlier had been elected governor of
Hungary with full regal and administrative authority.
Ulrich succeeded in instilling a hatred of the Hunyadi
family in the young king.
Ladislas, still a minor, was crowned king of Bohemia as
Ladislav I (Oct. 28, 1453). Thereafter, he spent most of
his time in Prague and Vienna. Regents ruled both his
realms:George
of Poděbradyin Bohemia and Hunyadi in
Hungary. After Hunyadi died (August 1456), his son
Ladislas Hunyadi had Ulrich assassinated later that year.
The subsequent execution of Ladislas Hunyadi (March 1457),
after Ladislas V had sworn not to harm him, raised such a
storm in Hungary that the king fled to Prague, where he
died later that year. For centuries it was conjectured
that Ladislas had died of poisoning by his political
opponents or by his successor as king of Bohemia, George
of Poděbrady. The scientific analysis of Ladislas’
skeleton in 1987–88 established that he died of juvenile
leukemia, however.
On his deathbed, Ladislaus the Posthumous offers his thanks to
George of Poděbrady,
painting byJan
Škramlík
Betrothal portrait of Ladislaus and Magdalena of France.
Ladislaus never married.[76] After
his arrival in Prague in autumn 1457, he asked for the hand ofMagdalena,
daughter ofCharles
VII of France.[76][55] Charles
VII accepted that proposal but Ladislaus had died by the time the
marriage contract was signed by his envoys inParis.[76] With
Ladislaus's death, the "Albertinian
Line" of theHouse
of Habsburgbecame extinct.[55] Emperor
Frederick III and his brother,Albert
VI, jointly succeeded him in Austria.[55] In
Hungary, Matthias Hunyadi was elected king two months after
Ladislaus' death.[55][73] George
of Poděbrady was elected king of Bohemia on 3 March 1458.[77]
There is a gap in our history here I still need to fins
when I have time .
I need to Marry a Historian. I am sure life would be very
interesting with her.
Reihard's grave stone in the St. Mary's Church in
Hanau
Philipp II, Graf von
Hanau-Lichtenberg, Herr zu Babenhausen,
Buchweiler, & Neuweiler1,2
After the
death of his father raised his younger brotherLouisclaims
to the rule.Theprimogeniturewas
indeed in the Hanauer family statutes since
the 14thAnchored
century, the generallaw
of succession,
but spoke for a country subdivision.Through
the mediation of CountPhilipp
I of Hanau-Münzenbergit
came within a short time reached a settlement
and Louis renounced his claim.Shortly
thereafter, he went on apilgrimageto
theHoly
Land and died here in 1484
on the return journey.
Philip II
ruled at first in close imitation of thePalatinate,
thelordof
parts of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg was.Philip
II supported ElectorPhilipof
the Palatinate, at the siege of the castleHohengeroldseck .
Cooperation, but also was armed with the
intermarried homeZweibrücken-Bitsch,
since a significant portion of therule
Lichtenbergwas
at first ruled jointly.It
was not until 1487 there was a confrontation
between two of the Lichtenberger heritage.Together
went Count Philipp II and CountSimon
IV alarmof
Zweibrücken-Bitsch against themistressof
her late father,Jakob
Lichtenberg,Bärbel
of Ottensheimago:
After the death of Jacob von Lichtenberg 1480
she was accused ofwitchcraftin
the town ofHagenauincarcerated.The
two used to the city council for adeath
sentence.Presumably
it was to go to the fortune of the Barbel
Ottensheim.Another
possibility is that the tense situation in
order in advance of thepeasants'
war should
be brought a "scapegoat" to the subjects, as
the mistress had had far-reaching influence on
the government and was said to be hated by the
people.Before
it came to a verdict, Bärbel died in prison -
the cause remained unclear.
WithKurmainzthere
was a lengthy discussion regarding the Mainz
fief, which was finally settled to the effect
that Philip II, the cityKlingenbergceded
to Mainz, but half ofBrumath received
as a fief.
He
participated in various diets, the main point
of the danger of aTurkish invasion
in Central Europe.
InLandshut
war of successionbetween
1503-1505 of the Palatinate and Bavaria
remained neutral Philip, but his son and
designated successor, Philip III.of
Hanau-Lichtenberg, who was involved on the
part of the Palatinate.LandgrafWilhelm
of Hesseby
theGerman
kingMaximilian
I.with
the execution of theimperial
banagainst
thebreakers
of the peacecommissioned
classified Palatinate and its allies.The
rural area of theOffice
Babenhausenwas
already destroyed, before it succeeded Philip
II, with the help of Maximilian I, and the
fact that Babenhausen as aBohemianfief
belonged to the Habsburgs indirectly, halting
the campaign against their own possessions.The
fact that his son was fighting on the "wrong"
side expecting him not to Maximilian.Philip
Babenhausen residence was spared so at least.She
received in 1503 by Maximilian I. theprivilege to
be allowed to hold an annual fair - the
Nicholas Market.
M, b. 31 May 1462, d. 22 August 1504
Drawing
by Karl Gruber of the grave monument of Count Philip Louis
I of Hanau-Münzenberg, that was destroyed duringWorld
War II
They were mostly cardinals
and there was a bishop around
1411 in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.
1573 Jorge Christoph (pronouced christoff)
Platl
Christopher Platl. Jaime Reis. Juan Rial. David
Ringrose. Felipe Ruiz Martín ...... Parece que, de 1562 a
1573, Torregrosa no estuvo ocupado al servicio
There is some reference that one of the
Princes of Hanabau married A PRINCE Phillip of Spain
in 1573 to 1574
But I loose the trail after that.
When I went to Spain in 2011, I could not pick up the
trail so she she marry him or not, it is not clear.
And If anyone has information about this, please email me at
William Laud, Archbishop of
Canterbury, is beheaded at London
January 10 at age 71, having been
tried by the House of Commons and
found guilty of high treason.
Puritan William Prynne has led the
attack against the
diminutive and small-minded
prelate, who has been held
prisoner in the Tower of London
since 1641.
James Graham, marquis of
Montrose, takes the marquis of
Argyll by surprise at Inverlochy
north of Fort William February 2
and routs his 3,000-man army (see
1644). Montrose has only 1,500
men, but they leave about 1,700
enemy killed or wounded and
proceed to lay waste Moray and
Aberdeenshire, elude an army led
by William Bailie of Letham at
Brechin, capture and pillage
Dundee, escape into the Grampian
hills, defeat one of Bailie's
lieutenants at Auldearn near
Nairn, and rout Bailie himself at
Altford.
Sir Thomas Fairfax, now 33, is
appointed commander in chief of a
New Model Army in February and
works to organize and train an
effective fighting force as
England's Civil War continues.
Oliver Cromwell has taken steps to
create a Parliamentary army whose
commanding officers owe their
appointments to abillty rather
than social standing, he has
outfitted them with red uniforms
(red is the cheapest
dye available), and by spring
these first "redcoats" have
polished their skills in weapon
handling.
A Self-Denying Ordinance passed
by the House of Lords in April
discharges members of Parliament
from any obligation to hold civil
or military commands. William
Fiennes, 1st viscount
Saye and Sele, has been
chiefly responsible for the
measure's passage. Charles I sends
his son and namesake to the west
country,
whence the youth escapes to
France and rejoins his mother.
Parliamentary army lieutenant
colonel John Lilburne resigns his
commission in April rather than
subscribe to the
Solemn League and Covenant
with Scotland, which commits
Parliament to reform the Church of
England along Presbyterian lines (see
religion,
1640). Commissioned a captain
in
Cromwell's army when
hostilities began 3 years ago,
Lilburne was taken prisoner at
Brentford in November 1642, nearly
tried for treason, but exchanged
for a Royalist prisoner. He
criticizes Parliament and its army
for not supporting the radical
demands of the Leveller
movement—transfer of sovereignty
to the House of Commons, suffrage
for all men whether or not they
own property, complete equality
before the law,
decentralization of government
to local communities, a
redistribution of
parliamentary seats, annual or
biennial parliamentary
sessions to give ordinary citizens
representation, an end to
conscription and impressment,
reopening of enclosed land, and
the like. Arrested and sent once
again to prison, Lilburne will
remain under confinement with few
interruptions until August 1647 (see
1647).
Prince Rupert captures
Leicester in May, but the
Battle of Naseby in
Northamptonshire June 14 ends in a
decisive defeat of Charles I's
English Cavaliers at the hands of
Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads in a
triumph for the English middle
class and merchants, who are
supported by many of the country's
great noblemen in the continuing
Civil War. Prince Rupert's 4,000
infantrymen and 5,000 cavalry are
outnumbered by the
Parliamentarians, whose New Model
Army consists of 7,000 infantry
and 6,000 cavalry. Some 6,000 of
Charles's men are killed, wounded,
or taken prisoner; the Roundheads
suffer fewer than 1,000 casualties
and capture all 13 Cavalier guns.
Sir Thomas Fairfax marches his
New Model Army to the southwest
and defeats the only remaining
Royalist army in July at Langport,
Somerset.
The marquis of Montrose marches
south in July with 2,000 men,
having augmented his numbers.
Bailie and the marquis of Argyll
follow but are defeated at Kilsyth
August 15 and suffer terrible
losses (their entire 6,000-man
force is killed, wounded, or
captured). Montrose's clansmen
slip away home with their
booty, however, and when
Montrose enters the border country
with 500 cavalry and 1,000
infantry he is taken by surprise
in a dawn attack at Philiphaugh,
near
Selkirk, September 13 by 6,000
Covenanter troops, mostly cavalry,
under the command of General David
Leslie, 44, who cut Montrose's
Royalist army to pieces (see
1646).
Prince Rupert surrenders
Bristol to the Parliamentarians in
September and is dismissed from
his command.
Europe's Thirty Years' War
nears its end. Swedish soldiers
Lennart Torstensson, 42, and Count
Hans Christoph Königsmark repulse
an imperial army under General
Matthias Gallas, now 61, in
January and block efforts by the
army to relieve the hard-pressed
Danes. They pursue the enemy into
Germany, and virtually annihilate
Gallas's army at
Magdeburg. Torstensson gains a
victory over the imperialists at
Jankau in
Bohemia in March, conquers
Moravia with support from the
Transylvanian prince George
Rákoczi, and advances on Vienna.
Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne,
vicomte de Turenne, 33, is
defeated in
Franconia but raises a French
and Hessian army that invades
Bavaria and defeats the Bavarians
in the (second) Battle of
Nördlingen (Allerheim) August 3.
Commanded by the duc d'Enghien,
now 24, the French and Hessians
have 6,000 infantry, 11,000
cavalry, and 11 guns; the
Imperialist/Bavarian army
commanded by Field Marshal Baron
Franz von Mercy has 5,000
infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 23
guns; the duc d'Enghien prevails,
but he loses 4,000 killed and
wounded. Von Mercy is killed,
5,000 of his men are killed or
wounded, and 15 of his guns are
captured. Plague breaks out in the
Swedish army of Count Torstensson
as he lays siege to Brunn and he
returns to Bohemia.
The Russian czar Mikhail I
Romanov dies at Moscow July 12 at
age 49, having founded the dynasty
that will continue until 1917; he
is succeeded by his son, 16, who
will reign until 1676 as Aleksei
Mikhailovich.
Czech Nationalism and
Nationhood
The 19th
cent. brought a rebirth of
Czech nationalism. Under the
leadership of
Palacký a Slavic congress
assembled at Prague in the
Revolution of 1848, but by
1849, although the Czech
peasantry had been
emancipated, absolute Austrian
domination had been forcibly
restored. The establishment
(1867) of the
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
thoroughly disappointed the
Czech aspirations for wide
political autonomy within a
federalized Austria. Instead,
the Czech lands were relegated
to a mere province of the
empire. Concessions were made
(1879) by the Austrian
minister
Taaffe; Czechs entered the
imperial bureaucracy and
parliament at Vienna. However,
many Czechs continued to
advocate complete separation
from the Hapsburg empire.
Full independence was
reached only at the end of
World War I under the guidance
of T. G.
Masaryk. In 1918, Bohemia
became the core of the new
state of
Czechoslovakia. After the
Munich Pact of 1938,
Czechoslovakia was stripped of
the so-called Sudeten area,
which was annexed to Germany.
In 1939, Bohemia was invaded
by German troops and
proclaimed part of the German
protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia.
After World War II the
pre-1938 boundaries were
restored, and most of the
German-speaking population was
expelled. In 1948, Bohemia's
status as a province was
abolished, and it was divided
into nine administrative
regions. The administrative
reorganization of 1960
redivided it into five regions
and the city of Prague. In
1969, Bohemia, along with
Moravia and Czech Silesia, was
incorporated into the Czech
Socialist Republic, renamed
the Czech Republic in 1990.
The
Czech Republic became an
independent state when
Czechoslovakia was dissolved
on Jan. 1, 1993
1637
1646 Hans Platl Von Lichtenberg
was the Archbishop of the Brunn (New Spelling Bruno)
We are directly related to him though the Platl Family which is
our family.
Thank God our name wasn't Smith or Schmitt.
FriendsFirst.ca you will find
lower down
welcome to my world
You need to know the person you are
interested in
Where he came from
What he really is.
You don't really know much and
if you want to cling onto someone because you have a few
common interests that is ok. But the truth is it would be
better to know a lot about each other and then if there is
chemistry
Below is a pictures of my fathers family
in the Old country. The Family has been the family of over
600 years. Our lineage can be traced back to the
Crusades.
If you are here because you are learning about who I
am am, then please provide be with some information about
you. Where you came from, where you think you are going
because all of that is quite interesting to me. As you go
through this site you will see many interesting things,
as I am writing a book about my family from the time they
were hiding Jews during WWII and save some 700 families
from the axe to You know the movie Schindlers list my
Grand fathers List was 20 times longer as he owned
factories and vineyards and all kinds of things. He had
people sitting around making up professions and then
convincing the Germans not to take them away. Loosing
all their wealth after the war. Coming to Canada with
nothing and starting again. By the time my grand father
came to Canada after loosing every thing twice, Once to
the Germans and then again to the Russians, He came he at
66 at $5.00 in his pocket. And when he died at 88, he was
a multi-millionaire all over again. *"Making millions is
easy, holding on to them is quite another" * And the
rest, as we say is History.
1411
1860
I think this marks the
end of the royal Euro somewhere around here and and then we just are
descendents of royalty we are not still royalty anymore because we
have been watered down so much that that we are no longer royal. At in
a way I'm kind of glad that it went this way because something wrong
was a lot of royalty and too much is an really good but I'm glad that
that I come from such a background because it's kind of interesting
and I got to see lots of castles all throughout Europe that belonging
to my families at one time or another I'm not proud of the fact that
my family started lots of wars and were in a lot of words and the
conquered everything to get what they got in the there was lots of
corruption and lots of bad things that occurred because of the fear of
the Devil and Christianity and all the rest of the stuff that we know
now is not even really true and then those people that said they spoke
to God probably never did as her is no God and those people that
unfortunately still are stuck in the stone ages believing all that
stuff well they can have it. There is a divine force call the universe
and that's it will have to live with that somehow.
1904
In 1688 Platl Came to Hungary and there was no such letter will
2 dots above the "a" so they changed the name to Pletl for the
new Hungarian Country
Pletl Married Rak
Later Rak married Bubik 1905
I think?
We are working on this now
1918
1717 Married into the Bubik
(it is an amazing Library of facts which my aunt
runs for the family)
it is kind o cool to see your family coat or carved
carved into stone in some churches in Europe
My grandparents, my dad and my other aunts and
uncle
My Grand Parents Vineyard below
After loosing everything twice. Once to The
Germans during the 2nd WW and then again to the Russians.
My grandfather came to Canada A broken man with $5.00 in his pocket
at 65 and when he died at 80, he was a multi-millionaire all over
again. Amazing And a very hard working and industrious
family.
My mom in 1940
second from the left and bottom row
WWII
stories below
My father was an Junior Engineer during the WWII. He
specialized in 4 things.
Mechanical
Robotics
Fluidics
Hydraulics
Automation and later
New Product design
Born 1923 he died in December 2018 He
was around 95
During W.W.2
He created a crank pump for all kinds of liquids,
including gas for planes, so they could be fueled directly from the
drum; faster than a regular "up and down pump." The ones they
made for the Germans during the war, they put impurities
into the oil compartment and those impurities with fine metal filings
went into the motor causing all kinds of problems, for the Germans.
iT WAS GOOD TO "STICK-IT TO THE GERMANS for taking over their
factories, but they were playing a dangerous game. When
the Germans brought the pump back to see if there was something wrong
with it, one of my uncles filled it up with more bad stuff and gave it
back to them. I am not sure of the number of planes it put out
of commission, but I was told it was alot between 20 and 40.
After they were returning many of the pumps, my grandfather told my
uncle to fix most of them but to make sure some still didn't work.
This took out another 18 planes before my grandfather said to my uncle
it is not time to fix all the pumps. The Germans never found out
why they had so many problems with the motors and they did not
really know which pumps they were using for which planes.
Later when the Nazis started paying attention, my grand father was
told and he took the appropriate steps to make sure that no one ever
knew. But the Germans were always digging for the truth and he
is sure that in time they would have figured it out bit the Germans
were already loosing the war and had many other problems in the end,
which kind of back fired on my family as the Germans during their
retrets where blowing up their own factories so they would not be
useful to the advacing Russian army.
As the story goes, the ones they made for the
Germans, during the war which Jammed on occasion and and ones the
"Underground" got, where flawless. My Grandfather, also "Leslie
Bubik", was playing a dangerous game. I have lots of stories which I
am sharing with you here.
English movie test with sound effects
Hungarian movie of same thing with ww2 sound effects
in the back ground.
My dad was already interested in Jewish Girl and
during the war when the Germans were taking them away. My
Grandfathers family, "The Bubik Family", helped my moms
family and hid them in one of their houses. Then another
family showed up and then another and another until ,
they were hiding them in barns and other properties. My
Grand Father saved 760 people from the chopping block
and Schindlers list was nothing compared to my
Grandfathers list. I was told that they sat around for
hours making up titles for jobs. You see the Germans
gave free laborers to the Factory owners to make their
bullets and tanks. My grand father had a few factories
so he was able to save many and because he owned farms and
vineyards. He was able to feed everyone of them. I was
told when My grand father came to Canada he was a broken
man with $5.00 in in pocket at 65 and when he died at 88,
he was a multi millionaire again. Simply amazing.
My Grand fathers brother was the Director of the
Berlin Opera house during the second world war and was
also involved with the smuggling of those , who were
involved in Hitler's ASSASSINATION attempt, out of the
Country. Bringing them to Argentina. Why
Argentina, I am not sure but His Name was Arpad
Bubik and He was also the director
of a theater in Argentina but it was never as
successful as it was for him in Berlin. He was
a Hungarian Patriot when Hungary was free.
One of My Uncles was the mine guide. He took
436
Jewish families across the Hungarian/Austrian border.
He only talked about the war when he got really drunk ;
like at weddings. I always listened to the stories.
He told me that it would have been better if he
stepped on a mine and when I asked why? He said
because He did not know where the mines where.
WOW !!!!! Now that is luck.
When I was a kid some Hebrew foundation called my
house, I was living at 421 Roselawn Avenue in those days. and wanted to give an award to my fathers
family for there efforts in the war helping Jews and
getting them to safe places.
I accepted the award and told my dad who was
furious. And told me he is not interested in any award.
Later I found out why. My father eventually told me
he does not want to remember any of it. My
Grand father hid the Jews right under the
noses of the Germans. Almost in plain site.
I am glad they did what they did. otherwise I
would not be here.
My family did some pretty dangerous things like take
the bombs out of planes that were shot down, they were
stripped down and sent to the "underground " to be used
against the Germans. WOW my dad was nuts.
In those days where were no cell phones when when you
went from one place to another with a gas ration on,
they walked and tool their bicycles. My one
uncle Imre Bubik. was caught by the Germans and
torched so much he went crazy, but he never gave the
locations of the save houses. He remained
crazy till the end of his life, just a few short years ago
My mother is also gone 2005. I miss her.
My Family paid a very heavy price for what they did to
help the Jews and it never would have started if my
dad hadn't met my mom.
So how where they found out and caught?
This is where the mistake occurred. Because Gas was being
rationed , no one had gas for their vehicles. But
the Bubik family always had gas. Even towards the end of
the war, even the Germans has to ration their gas, because
there was not enough to go around, But by this
time. The Bubiks had lots because my dad was
pumping the gas out of the planes that crashed on
their lands. The Germans weren't stupid, they just
followed the trail and eventually busted them all.
My dad was not there and neither was my grandfather and
the rest of his sisters were already getting ready to
leave while Hungary was being bombarded my the allies and
they all survived. Amazing!!!
Hiding a Jew was worse than being one, in those days
and I never met my grand mothers and tons of relatives
because many were rounded up and shot and they were the
lucky ones. The rest were sent to processing
and labour camps.
My dad was able to escape capture only to be
captured by the Russians at the end of the war. WOW
.
My dad told me , that he and my other Uncle "Deszo
(sic) were caught at the same time rounded up and put
into, pens. No buildings, they had to stand there as
it rained and it was cold and many died there too.
The Russians were ruthless and when
they Took Hungary, the Russian army, were allowed to take
whatever they wanted by going from room to room raping all
the women that they found. Something you don't hear about
in history books. But the Russians did some amazingly
terrible things to people. Like in East Germany when the
Russians were raping all the women there apparently it had
the highest rate of suicide ever in history. It's written
down somewhere you can go find it I don't really want to
talk about this too much. My aunt also wrote a book and
actually published the and I'm going to be putting it here
as well is my stupid cousins won't give me the digital
version of it which I've asked for like 20 times because
they just don't care. Perhaps because their American who
knows.
In my aunt's book and the recollection of
what occurred is firsthand. Even she didn't like to talk
about it my aunt Agnes but she and I were close and she
told me almost everything which I'd really want to hear
and in some ways but needed to know and others. Some of
the stuff takes you to some dark places which you wish you
did not hear about.
My aunt and some of her other
sisters have to put coal on themselves and make them look
make themselves look very unattractive so when the Russian
soldiers came to their room they didn't want to have
anything to do with them because there are only raping
really attractive women. My aunt went to say that they
were very lucky that her nor her sisters were raped by the
Russians but they could hear the screaming going on in all
of the other apartments in buildings around where they
were hiding.
What the Germans did during the
second world War is appalling but what the Russians did to
their own citizens after that is even worse and the funny
thing is that the Americans never came to their aid
either. My father writes also of what happened after the
war and how Churchill split up the countries and gave
hungry and everything else over to the Russians which
became the new Eastern Block. And the rest of that history
everybody now knows.
Now back to the story. My dad told me that he found an
old spoon the ground was frozen but they both
managed to dig a hole under a part of the
fence escape by using the spoon they found. If the
Russians has dogs, they would not have been able
to escape. My Dad, almost starving to
get back to his land only to find that the Russians
were occupying it.
My Grand Father lost every thing to the Germans and
then the Germans where blowing things up on their
retreat including my Grandfathers factories.
Then my fathers family went into the factories to salvage
what they could and were hiding machinery in barns
and other places because the Russians were taking
the machines away. What a story but all true.
My grandfather told my aunt Audrey
to bury the machines in the ground that because there was
no more concrete left because at the end of the war it was
no concrete where it was very hard to find my aunt built
these massive holes in the ground with what ever machinery
in anything they could find and reinforced it with what
some of the buildings that were bombed is much as possible
and these machines were found about 15 years ago when
there are doing construction in Budapest and believe all
these machines that they found those were hours at one
time or should I say our grandfathers I was in Canada in
the middle of a bunch of stuff so I couldn't leave to go
and check the stuff out it would've been very interesting
to see. But if you're to dig into your archives in hungry
would find this to be true. Some time in the near future I
will take the information from my aunt's book and I will
included in this because she has a real account firsthand
of what happened and it's not fair really for me to
translate from this point on.
You must hear her
words. My dad, was a prick even in those days it
should've been a real signal to my mom what Dick had my
dad really was. Many times when he was supposed to meet my
sisters to help them get out of the country he never
showed up only his own hide was more important. I guess
after doing what they did to save my mom and other
families it really affected him.
Can you really blame the guy but I
enjoyed the wrath of his lack of interest and other things
in my life. It is one of the reasons why I never had kids
because I always thought that I might have some of him in
me and I could never put a child through what I went
through.
So let's continue....
Bubik Arpad - 1944 was responsible for getting Germans,
involved in the assassination attempt on Hitler, to get
them out of the Country, smuggling them out of the Country
and taking them to Argentina.
" Dohnányi’s misery", he learned that his son Matthew,
who had become a Captain in the Hungarian Army, had died
in a Russian concentration camp. Just a few months later,
Dohnányi learned that his other son, Hans (father of the
famous conductor Christoph von Dohnányi), had been
executed by the Nazis for his involvement in Hungary’s 20July 1944 assassination plot against Hitler. Dohnányi,
fearing for his own life, accepted an offer from Árpád
Bubik, who had once been his secretary, to escape Europe
and move to Buenos Aires, Argentina. "
Magyar
színháztörténet: 1920-1949
Because everyone lost touch with everyone else after
the war many thought the others has perished. And
that is why my dad did not want to accept the award.
But I will go to Israel to accept it because
the woman my dad has the "hots" for and who they got
out of the country. One of them was my mother to be.
Her name was Veronica, but everyone called her Vera.
She met my dad in Paris after the war and then went to
Brazil together where they met My moms sister.
Edith. Edith married , John Gati (a holocaust
survivor) in New York. He was A film animator and
she was a head designer for Givenchy.
When I was a kid I met Mr. Givenchy a few times Mr.
Gucci and all the famous designers, most of whom
where Jewish. Both my Aunt Edith and
Uncle John are gone now and They have been survived
my their two sons Paul and William( Bill. )
Paul Was a great violinist and William was a
great Pianist. I remember as a kid when they both were in
Julliard and has sold out concerts at Carnegie
Hall, there in New York.
There is more but I am still filling in the
pieces. You see...no one wants t talk about the war.
Especially those who gave great sacrifices to it.
Originally the name had a letter with 2 dots above it
()
for Germany and Bohemia but then later after the
fall of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, thehad
to be changed to "e"
so now the new Family original name is Pletl
1454
Jews are expelled fromBrunnMoravia
by orderofKing
Ladislaus.
Our Family comes originally
from Bohemia, then they swept across Germany in the
15th century in the form of Royalty, Princess,
Princes' Lords and even an Archbishop of Bruno now
in Czechoslovakia which was in the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
1646
Hans Plätl
Von Lichtenberg was
his name.
of the Lichtenberg clan. That is not him
below. It is your Host. ME!
Leslie Charles Paul Bubik
But you can call me Les
"Royalty is not divine - if your actions are
honorable, then you will be royal no matter what
cloth you were cut from."
I just made the picture above for a
joke.
About 4 years ago my Aunt
sent me to Bruno, in Czechoslovakia to find something
about out family but I only found one pc of paper
but it was significant because our family blood line
was dated back to the 15th century before I went and
this document proves that our family goes back to the
14 century, but without the hard work of the Family
Library custodian, we would not have a family
library.
Johann I von Lichtenberg,
Lord, + 1315, Md. 1295,Adelfeid
von Werdenberg, + 1343, d. of Hugo I von
Below, is the kind
of clothes they wore in those days in the 12th
century
Montfort, Count
of Werdenberg
(need to find out
What happened here)
In a further certificate purchased in 1272 the town
Georgenthal a Arnstädter One by the mill owners to Siegelsbach
situated vineyard. How extensive must have been the
vineyards in and around Arnstadt, tells us that of
Dr.
CA Burkhardt edited "document the city of Arnstadt.It will be in a document
14thCentury
no less than 44 vineyards and fields mentioned.From a
The exact date of his birth is not known, not even
the exact year, because in theMiddle
Agesa
person's death date was considered far more important
than their birth date, since a memorial mass would be
celebrated on the death date.
He was the second son ofUlrich
IV of Hanau(born:
between 1330 and 1340; died: in September or October
1380) and Countess Elizabeth ofWertheim(1347–1378
). In the ruling family of Hanau, an explicitprimogeniturestatue
of 1375 stipulated that only the eldest son could
inherit the Lordship and even that only he could
marry. Reinhard II as second son of Ulrich IV as was
destined for a clerical career. He received a
suitable education for such a career; in 1387 he was
studying at theUniversity
of Bologna. In 1390, one of the sons of Ulrich
IV, possibly Reinhard II, was enrolled as a student
at theuniversity
of Heidelberg. The entry in the register does not
mention a name, it merely statesde
Hanaw domicellus.[1][2]Reinhard
abandoned his spiritual career in 1391, and closed a
contract with his elder brotherUlrich
V, which guaranteed him an annual income. The
background was probably that Ulrich V's marriage was
still childless and they wanted to preserve the
possibility that Reinhard might succeed Ulrich V. The
contract awarded Reinhard an annual sum of 400
florins and a share in thedistrictsPartenstein,Rieneck,
Bieber and Haßlau. This was the first generation in
the history of the Hanau family where the younger
sons did not join the clergy. In 1398, the contract
was renewed, and Ulrich and Reinhard's younger
brotherJohn
of Hanauwas
also awarded a persion, after a dispute with John had
led to actual fighting.
other document showing that in1387the
Lord Lichtenberg and the other lords of Arnstadt
including
the tried, to transform the city and surrounding
area in a single vineyard. In 1496 the vineyards located in
Arnstadt and field were the following Men Spent:
..Hans von Lichtenberg = 14 acres vineyard
and a field outside the Erfurt Goal
..Iring of Witzleben = 8 acres Weingarten
..Hot and Kurt von Rottleben = 4 acres of
wine wax
..Friedrich, Klaus, and Kurt von Witzleben
= 3 acres Weingarten
..Heinrich Acker wine from the court = 1
wax In addition a large number of vineyards
were in the size of a half acre, the scattered were in the large estates and most
property wealthy citizens Arnstädter\
Reihard's grave
stone in the St. Mary's Church in Hanau
Philipp II, Graf von Hanau-Lichtenberg, Herr zu
Babenhausen, Buchweiler, & Neuweiler1,2
After the death of his father raised his younger
brotherLouisclaims
to the rule.Theprimogeniturewas
indeed in the Hanauer family statutes since the
14thAnchored
century, the generallaw
of succession,
but spoke for a country subdivision.Through
the mediation of CountPhilipp
I of Hanau-Münzenbergit
came within a short time reached a settlement and
Louis renounced his claim.Shortly
thereafter, he went on apilgrimageto
theHoly
Landand
died here in 1484 on the return journey.
Philip II ruled at first in close imitation of
thePalatinate,
thelordof
parts of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg was.Philip
II supported ElectorPhilipof
the Palatinate, at the siege of the castleHohengeroldseck.
Cooperation, but also was armed with the
intermarried homeZweibrücken-Bitsch,
since a significant portion of therule
Lichtenbergwas
at first ruled jointly.It
was not until 1487 there was a confrontation
between two of the Lichtenberger heritage.Together
went Count Philipp II and CountSimon
IV alarmof
Zweibrücken-Bitsch against themistressof
her late father,Jakob
Lichtenberg,Bärbel
of Ottensheimago:
After the death of Jacob von Lichtenberg 1480 she
was accused ofwitchcraftin
the town ofHagenauincarcerated.The
two used to the city council for adeath
sentence.Presumably
it was to go to the fortune of the Barbel
Ottensheim.Another
possibility is that the tense situation in order
in advance of thepeasants'
warshould
be brought a "scapegoat" to the subjects, as the
mistress had had far-reaching influence on the
government and was said to be hated by the
people.Before
it came to a verdict, Bärbel died in prison - the
cause remained unclear.
WithKurmainzthere
was a lengthy discussion regarding the Mainz
fief, which was finally settled to the effect
that Philip II, the cityKlingenbergceded
to Mainz, but half ofBrumathreceived
as a fief.
He participated in various diets, the main point
of the danger of aTurkishinvasion
in Central Europe.
InLandshut
war of successionbetween
1503-1505 of the Palatinate and Bavaria remained
neutral Philip, but his son and designated
successor, Philip III.of
Hanau-Lichtenberg, who was involved on the part
of the Palatinate.LandgrafWilhelm
of Hesseby
theGerman
kingMaximilian
I.with
the execution of theimperial
banagainst
thebreakers
of the peacecommissioned
classified Palatinate and its allies.The
rural area of theOffice
Babenhausenwas
already destroyed, before it succeeded Philip II,
with the help of Maximilian I, and the fact that
Babenhausen as aBohemianfief
belonged to the Habsburgs indirectly, halting the
campaign against their own possessions.The
fact that his son was fighting on the "wrong"
side expecting him not to Maximilian.Philip
Babenhausen residence was spared so at least.She
received in 1503 by Maximilian I. theprivilegeto
be allowed to hold an annual fair - the Nicholas
Market.
M, b. 31 May 1462, d. 22 August 1504
Drawing by Karl Gruber of the grave monument of Count
Philip Louis I of Hanau-Münzenberg, that was destroyed
duringWorld
War II